The Gemsbok or South African oryx (Oryx gazella) is a large antelope in the genus Oryx. It is native to the arid regions of Southern Africa, such as the Kalahari Desert. Some authorities formerly included the East African oryx as a subspecies.

The gemsbok is depicted on the coat of arms of Namibia, where the current population of the species is estimated at 373,000 individuals. In the town of Oranjemund, gemsbok wander freely around the streets, taking advantage of the vegetation in the town, such as grass in the parks and the many trees.

The name gemsbok is from Afrikaans, which itself is from the Dutch word of the same spelling, meaning "male chamois", composed of gems (“chamois”) + bok (“buck, male goat”). The Dutch gems is further from German Gämse ("chamois"). Although some superficial similarities in appearance (especially in the facial pattern) are noticed, the chamois and the oryx are not closely related.

Gemsbok is light taupe to tan in color, with lighter patches toward the bottom rear of the rump. Their tails are long and black in color. A blackish stripe extends from the chin down the lower edge of the neck, through the juncture of the shoulder and leg along the lower flank of each side to the blackish section of the rear leg. They have muscular necks and shoulders, and their legs have white 'socks' with a black patch on the front of both the front legs, and both sexes have long, straight horns. Comparably, the East African oryx lacks a dark patch at the base of the tail, has less black on the legs (none on the hindlegs), and less black on the lower flanks. One very rare color morph is the "golden oryx", in which the gemsbok's black markings are muted and appear to be golden.

Gemsbok are the largest species in the genus Oryx.

The below subspecies are featured on this page:

• Angolan Gemsbok (Oryx gazella blainei)

• Namibia Kalahari Gemsbok (Oryx gazella aschenborni)

• Kalahari Gemsbok (Oryx gazella gazella)

• Cape Gemsbok (Oryx gazella capensis)

Angolan Gemsbok (Oryx gazella blainei) - Far northern Namibia, east of Skeleton Coast near Mocamedes Desert

Cape Gemsbok (Oryx gazella capensis) - Geogap Nature Preserve South Africa

Kalahari Gemsbok (Oryx gazella gazella) - Kgalagadi Gemsbok National Park South Africa

Namibia Kalahari Gemsbok (Oryx gazella aschenborni) - Sossusvlei Namib Naukluft National Park Namibia & Etosha