Family Rallidae
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes such ubiquitous species as the Crakes, Coots, and Gallinule; other rail species are extremely rare or endangered. Many are associated with wetland habitats, some being semi-aquatic like waterfowl (such as the Coot), but many more are wading birds or shorebirds. The ideal Rail habitats are marsh areas, including rice paddies, and flooded fields or open forest. They are especially fond of dense vegetation for nesting. The rail family is found in every terrestrial habitat with the exception of dry desert, polar or freezing regions, and alpine areas (above the snow line). Members of Rallidae occur on every continent except Antarctica. Numerous unique island species are known.
The image to the right is Baillon’s Crake, a target species that took me over three yeers to see. The links below take you to galleries of the various rallid species I have documented in the wild over the years.
Gray-cowled Wood-rail (Aramides cajaneus) Pousada Aguape Fazenda São José Zona Rural, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Slaty-breasted Wood-rail (Aramides saracura) Carlos Botelho State Park, Sao Paulo State Brazil
Russet-naped Wood-Rail (Aramides albiventris) Crooked Tree Belize
African Purple Swamphen or Gallinule (Porphyrio madagascariensis) Eland's Bay South Africa
Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) Chiang Saen Lake Chiang Rai
Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio martinica) Estancia, Sergipe & Northern Bahia State, Brazil
Baillon's Crake (Zapornia pusilla) Pathum Thani Rice Research Center Thailand
Red-legged Crake (Rallina fasciata) Neung Hide nr Kaeng Krachan NP Thailand
Slaty-breasted Rail (Gallirallus striatus) Pathum Thani Rice Research Center Thailand
White-browed Crake (Porzana cinerea) Thap Yao Rice Fields Lat Krabang Bangkok
Brown Crake (Zapornia akool) Poyang Lak Jiangxi Province China
American Coot (Fulica americana) Aransas Texas
Common Coot (Fulica atra) Bueng Boraphet Nakhon Sawan Thailand
Giant Coot (Fulica gigantea) Lauca National Park, Chile
Red-Knobbed Coot (Fulica cristata) Langano Lake Ethiopia
Slate-colored Coot (Fulica ardesiaca) Antisana National Park, Eastern Andes Ecuador
Black Crake (Zapornia flavirostra) Nech Sar NP Ethiopia
Clapper Rail (Rallus crepitans) Aransas SP Texas
Rouget's Rail (Rougetius rougetii) Bale Mountains NP Ethiopia
Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) Lincoln Marsh Wheaton Illinois
White-breasted Waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus) Ao Phang Nga NP Thailand
Watercock (Gallicrex cinerea) Tathorn Rice Fields Fang Thailand
Ruddy-breasted Crake (Porzana fusca) Khao Sam Roi Yod NP Thailand
Rufous-sided Crake - Laterallus melanophaius - Estancia, Sergipe & Northern Bahia State, Brazil
Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata) Arica, Chile & Coastline South
Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) Pathum Thani Rice Research Center Thailand