Nazare Paulista

Some sixty kms from Sao Paulo, my expedition to the Mata Atlantica of Brazil began in the lovely countryside of the Nazare Paulista, my very first exposure to Brazil’s Atlantic Rainforest, one of the world’s most biodiverse and incredibly disrupted biomes.  As you see throughout this report, the rainforests of this region of Brazil are packed with countless endemic species and incredible ecosystems, but sadly, due to unregulated and unabated development, there is less than ten percent remaining and most of what is remaining is in small forest fragments with barely enough habitat to support the rare and endangered species that find their homes there.

The drive from Sao Paulo was barely a couple hours and we immediately found our way to a forest fragment near the town of Nazare Paulista, where we began our search for target number one – Buffy-tufted Marmoset.  As soon as we parked and strolled along the narrow lane for a couple hundred meters, Regina and Eduardo Castro (my other local guide) heard the high-pitched squeaky sound of the marmosets!  I was completely clueless at that stage but as soon as I knew what to listen for, I soon became an active participant in the search.  It took a couple minutes to see them but I finally noticed a small, squirrel-sized figure in silhouette deep in the forest – my first wild marmoset!  We worked this group for awhile and ended up with some better views.  Truth be told, the only other Marmosets I had ever seen before were in the deep and depressing wildlife sections of Bangkok’s Jatujak Market, where they are sold as pets.  Finally one in its natural habitat!

That feeling of getting your first target species on an expedition is something that all mammal watchers know and love.   There is a sense of both relief and accomplishment.  And that feeling afterward when you have it under your belt and can now carry-on searching for secondary targets and even birds and other critters!  And that is what we did – the birding in this patch was quite amazing.  We ended up with about thirty species of birds, many of which were fairly rare according to Regina and Eduardo. 

We worked the area for a couple hours and ended up with a couple more targets – Ingram’s or Southeastern Squirrel.  There were a couple scurrying around the trees near a small factory.  A Brazilian Tapeti dashed across the road as well.

We stayed at Pousado do Moinho, a fantastic place with its own private fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest.  This place is filled with fauna, some of which we were fortunate enough to see or at least here.  One of my main targets for the Pousada was the Black-fronted Titi, which were actually quite common there.  Sadly, while we heard three groups quite well, we were denied any decent views.  The brush was rather thick and we could not get a close as we wished.  Hearing Titis though is quite a thing.  The song of many primates can be quite melodic and soothing in some cases, but Titis…holy hell…about as manic and tense as you can imagine.  (Here is a link to the sound I was able to pick up).

Eduardo is an outstanding herping guide and while we were together I was treated to many amphibians.  Reptiles were a bit rare as the temperatures during this time period were absolutely frigid – many of my nights in the Mata Atlantica actually neared or passed the freezing point!  (Here is a link to the herps of the expedition here).  We did some night driving around the local forest fragments and came across some nightjars and owls but no other mammals. 

Link to the Birds of Nazare Paulista

Link to Reptiles & Amphibians of Brazil

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

Carlos Botelho State Park

Some four hours from Nazare Paulista, we found ourselves in one of the larger contiguous stretches of Atlantic Rainforests in Sao Paulo State, which serves as a corridor for the wildlife and genomes that remain in the region.  Here we were heading to Carlos Botelho State Park and targeting the endangered Southern Muriqui.  As we arrived in the afternoon, we did not try to find the monkeys although we did hike the boardwalk trail a bit and learned the lay of the land and the probable regions of the park where our local guide, Edipo, thought we’d start our trek the next day.

The park is a spectacularly forested area with small hills and valleys with steep slopes.  The park operates a brilliant ecotourism activity whereby the “Monkey Safari” guides take relatively “fit” individuals in to the forest for a three-hour trek, usually off trail and into the deep ravines, to see the Muriqui.  Funds are used to support local naturalists and the preservation of the species in the park.  I highly recommend this experience.

Our first afternoon was spent mainly exploring the areas around the main headquarters and the avifauna that comes in in the late afternoon.  As usual, Regina’s and Eduardo’s sharp eyes were great in finding many species of birds.  Our evening was spent on a night walk into the forest.  While we did not see any mammals that evening, Eduardo was great in pointing out lots of amphibians and insects and arachnids, all of which he knew the classification down to species! 

Up well before sun-up, we made our way to the trailhead to start our trek to hopefully see the Muriqui. The Monkey Safari guide knew exactly where to start as he followed the group the night before to see where they bedded down.  So we B-lined it straight down a very steep hill deep in to one of the ravines.  The route was slippery and a bit treacherous but manageable for sure.  My main concern was every step down the hill was one I’d have to take right back up eventually.

After a couple hundred meters trek, our guide stopped us and pointed upward, saying in a whisper that the Muriqui were directly above us but had yet to stir for the morning.  He directed us to wait on either side of the tree where they were sleeping explaining that when they finally do wake up, they will take a dump and a piss that would land on us if we were too close to the bottom…..Only later did I find out how true that was when I was both pissed on AND shat on by one that came my way after waking!

Rather than a quiet, relaxed waking for the Muriqui that morning, our group was surprised by a few Black Capuchin who invaded their space.  Now this immediately divided the Muriqui group causing them to go in all directions.  I thought this was going to seriously jeopardize our ability to get good views of the Muriqui, which it did initially.  What it did do was to force us to travel quite a bit deeper into the forest to try for good views.  Walking in this ecosystem was at times challenging or sure.  Firm ground quickly changed to swampy muk that someone of my weight would easily sink up to above their knees!  And of course I did exactly that….fell flat on my face…all in an effort to get better views of the Muriqui.  Luckily no one saw my embarrassing fall…Thankfully I eventually had wonderful and prolonged views of the monkeys going about their daily lives.  Mission accomplished by 8:30AM! 

I highly recommend the Monkey Safari experience at Botelho. Do check on the timing of your visit as there are times of the year when the trek is not offered for various reasons - breeding season, distance of trek, rainy season when the steep slopes are quite dangerous, etc.

Here are links to galleries for:

Birds of Carlos Botehlo

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Fazenda Garibaldi

Our next stop in Sao Paulo state was Fazenda Garibaldi, the location of the Black Lion Tamarin, a spectacular species of primate thought to be extinct for decades.  Since 2017, a small group of Tamarins have been monitored by biologists and a cottage ecotouristic enterprise has been established to take tourists who pay to see these lovely creatures in what remains of their natural habitat.  We slept in the Fazenda, which offered basic but perfect lodging that was only a few hundred meters from at least one group of Tamarins.

Although we arrived in the afternoon, we were fortunate to find the Tamarins out along the forest edge feasting on legumes.  Watching these spectacular primates carry on was awesome.  Clearly they were habituated enough to allow us prolonged views while not interrupting or changing their normal behavior.  We spotted quite a few species of birds as well during our afternoon at the Fazenda.  Our evening was spent spotlighting the vast orange groves that surrounded the small, constricted forest corridor in search of Maned Wolves and other fauna.  No wolves were spotted but we did see at least two White-eared Opossums in the trees near the Fazenda.  Plenty of nightjars and owls in the area as well.  Great fun.

This was sadly my last stop in Sao Paulo state and we were off to drop me at Guarulhos for a flight Rio for the next leg of my expedition.  Upon arrival, I met my new guide, Eugenio Souza, an awesome man who made my next 11 days absolutely fantastic.  His perfect English and great sense of humor and overt kindness and friendliness made my next leg absolutely fantastic.  And he is very knowledgeable about the fauna and is an extremely gifted spotter!

Birds of Fazenda Garibaldi

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Unamar & the Golden Lion Tamarin Municipal Park

After a night in Rio, Eugenio and I made our way to Unamar (about three hours or so) traveling through some spectacular landscapes.  Unamar is a dusty town but it is where one can find Golden Lion Tamarins in a small community forest fragment that the township is endeavoring to cultivate local ecotourism opportunities for travelers to the region.  The park is relatively small but that did not stop us from having to spend several hours searching for and hoping to see the tamarins, which were frustratingly not showing themselves.

Eventually rather than trekking aimlessly into the forest, we opted to hang around the headquarters of the park where the locals were telling us the Tamarins would eventually show up.  I have to admit, after several hours of birdwatching and bee-watching (many Brazilian parks keep bee-hives on display), I was becoming a bit discouraged and resigning myself to trying again in the morning.  However no sooner than I was about to give up for the day, Eugenio called me over to the side of the park that he was staking out and I was treated to a long and up-close Golden Lion Tamarin show! 

When I was in the early planning stages for this expedition, I had five or six must-see species on my target list for South America:  Brazilian & Mountain Tapir, Giant Anteater, Maned Wolf and Golden Lion Tamarin.  Main target #1 nailed!  And what a viewing it was.  Several individuals came very close by and investigated us before they headed off to a fruiting tree nearby.

Birds of Golden Lion Tamarin Municipal Park & Rio de Janeiro

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Rio de Janeiro

The original plan was to spend two nights and three days in Unamar to guarantee viewings of the Tamarins, but after we had such good fortune on day one, we opted to change plans and head to Rio de Janeiro so I could get a small taste of the city.  This was a great move and thanks to Marluce Boute from Boute travel for making such immediate changes to the itinerary to accommodate me.  Rio is simply spectacular.  We spent time in the botanical gardens viewing many Black Capuchins and an introduced group of White-tufted or Common Marmosets, which we were to see in their natural habitat later in Bahia State as well. 

Although the day was a bit hazy, it was a bucket list check-off for me to explore one of the more beautiful and famous cities in South America.  Eugenio often guides clients through the highlights of Rio and as a local Cariocas himself knew the city like the back of his hand.  He took me to many great locations in the city and gave me a local’s taste of Rio.

Birds of Rio de Janeiro

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Vale Natural Reserve, Espirito Santo

After an afternoon flight from Rio to Vitoria, Eugenio and I drove to Sooretama for two nights in Sooretama, which served as our base for exploring Vale Natural Reserve, a privately own reserve belonging to Cia Vale do Rio Doce, one of Brazil’s larger multinational corporations.  Vale is a sizeable tract of Atlantic Rainforest that is protected as long as the corporation deems it beneficial to their bottom line.  But for now, it is a great place for many species of fauna.  Our main targets were the Masked Titi, Geoffroy’s Marmoset and Robust Capuchin. 

After a relaxing evening in town, we hit the road early morning to the reserve with our local guide, Henrique.  Henrique heard the Marmosets and were seen pretty much immediately upon entry, where we had decent views of a rather nervous group.  Their white faces were quite a contrast to the death-head masks of the Buffy-tufted Marmosets seen earlier.  Robust Capuchin was our next catch.  It is a relatively common species that is generally very easy to see there but we only managed one individual seen high up in the forest canopy.  Masked Titis were heard commonly but as usual were difficult to get a glimpse of.  However we eventually managed a decent view later in the day of a nice pair in a tree near the road, 

We did see other species such as Red-rumped Agouti and South American Coati, and two sightings of what still remain as mystery mammals.  We debated on what they were amongst ourselves, but no consensus was made, other than one appeared to be a blackish low-profile mustelid-like critter.  Thoughts?  Tapir sign was everywhere but I was as of now still being denied one of my main targets for Brazil.  While driving through the maze of dirt tracts in the reserve we did manage a couple Gray Brockets, only one of which gave us a very brief photo op.

Birds of Vale

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Santa Teresa & Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve

With our main primate targets from Vale under our belts, we started our drive to Santa Teresa, a lovely Italian community in the hill country of Espirito Santo.  Here we spent time exploring the grounds and amazing birdlife of Pousada Vita Verde, a true eBird hotspot famous for dozens of species of avifauna, much of which is endemic to the Mata Atlantica.  After dinner we headed into the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve where we hoped for nocturnal fauna.  Sadly we were only to find a Common Potoo, which is a very cool bird that may actually qualify as an honorary mammal.  No other mammals this evening.

Our first morning was spent back in the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve searching for Masked Titi and Southern Maned Sloths.  Titis were elusive but we managed to see two sloths, one of which was expertly spotted directly from the back seat of our car by the eagle eyes of our local guide, Henrique.  Our other sloth was quite distant and was spotted days earlier by primatologists who lived in the park and just happened to know exactly where they remembered seeing it several days prior. It had barely moved!

Santa Teresa is also home to the Museu Professor Melo Leitao where we spent time searching for the Titi monkeys and Black-tufted Marmosets, which were eventually found near the entrance of the gardens. Purported to be hybrids, which is easy to believe due to the fact that Callithrix bang just about anything they can get ahold of….  visual comparisons with other Black-tufted Marmosets on line, they do seem to exhibit the main characteristics of the species. I’m counting them!

Birds of Santa Teresa

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Afonso Claudio

From Santa Tereza, we proceeded through some of the most spectacular  mountain scenery anywhere I’ve been toward the region known as Afonso Claudio, where we were targeting once again Masked Titi, and also Brown Howlers, Big-eared Opossum, Brazilian Cavy and Hairy Dwarf Porcupine.  We spent our nights at the very friendly family-run Pousada Tres Pontoes, which doubles an active farm as well, filled with all the animals one would expect.  The family there are simply beautiful and offer great food as well as very warm hospitality and excellent knowledge of the local flora and fauna.

While visiting a local friend’s home on a substantial tract of forest, we were able to see all of our targets less the porcupine which had been AWOL for a few days before our arrival.  We had excellent and prolonged views of the Masked Titi and Brown Howlers and at least a couple visits by Big-eared Opossums.  While at the property we trekked to a nearby cave on the land which was home to at least two, probably three species of bats – Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat and Seba’s Short-tailed Bat.  One other bat remains unidentified – working on it.  We also searched for and found Brazilian Cavy in a private wetland near the home of our pousada owner. 

We were also hoping for Brown-throated Three-toed Sloths and Southern Maned Sloths.  Sadly we dipped on both but I did get a good look at an unexpected Buffy-headed Marmoset family that had never been spotted in the area before.  We did finally tick Brown Howlers which had been sighted by a neighbor down the road earlier.  After a brief trek up an unfinished road, we did see a family group which gave us some decent views.

Birds of Afonso Claudio

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Feliciano Miguel Abdala Reserve (Caratinga Biological Reserve)

Some five hours from Afonso Claudio and another spectacularly scenic drive, we arrived at FMAR another private reserve where we hoped to see the Northern Muriqui, once considered to be the same species as the Southern Muriqui but has since been split.  We arrived just before dusk and had time for a short walk into the forest of the reserve where our local guide, Roberto Pereira, found a small family group a couple hundred meters up the main trail.  We had to bushwack our way into the forest and we had fair views of three or four individuals. 

Our main target for the reserve under our belts we felt pretty confident and relaxed with some easy night viewing at our spectacular resort, Pousada Corredeiras do Primitivo, a family run operation situated along the banks of the Manhuacu River.  We heard quite a few Spectacled Owls although none were sighted.  We managed a Big-eared Opossum in the trees behind the Pousada.

The following morning we quickly found another family group of Muriqui which gave us much better views and a couple hours of natural behavior as they woke and proceeded to carry out their daily duties.  While there we met an American videographer, Jay Blaine, making a documentary on the Muriqui and the Mata Atlantica in general.  Here is a link to his finished product.  Well worth a watch.

Watching the Muriqui, the largest primate species in the Americas, live their lives in the spectacular forests of Abdala, was an experience I will never forget.  We also got very good views of Black Capuchin and Capybara while in the reserve.  While we were searching for wildlife along the busy and dusty main road, we also caught a glimpse of an extremely rare Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo, a species that had never been recorded in the reserve before.  The son of the owner of the reserve was very shocked to see my images of the animal. 

Near where we saw the armadillo, we got very brief but decent views of the only Buffy-headed Marmoset family group.  I was thinking we stood no chance of seeing them when I found out that the nearly 1000-acre reserve had only ONE group of these. After a bit of searching, I noticed what I initially thought was a small squirrel cross the main road but ended up being one of the marmosets. Lucky!

Birds of Feliciano Miguel Abdala Reserve (Caratinga)

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Rio Doce State Park

A couple hours from Abdala, we worked our way to Rio Doce State Park, a new destination on the mammal watching circuit. Fairly well known for birding groups, I was the guinea pig for this location and I was impressed.  We found Black-fronted Titi, Geoffrey’s Marmosets, Black Capuchin, Tayra and my first Brazilian Tapir!  We had two awesome individual Tapir along the main road of the park during our night drive and a third was sighted by another car just down the road.  We heard what we thought was another one in the bushes along the road as well.  Another mystery mammal was spotted in the bush with inconclusive images taken but sadly unhelpful. I was very jazzed to have seen the second of my top five mammal targets! And only one more Tapir species to go before I was to be a member of a very exclusive club.

Multiple sightings of the Black-fronted Titi were very easy using playback by our local guide.  The noisy and aggressive response to the short playback was impressive and entertaining.  They came immediately out of the forest to challenge us and put on quite a show.  The population seems to have recovered quite well from the Yellow Fever outbreak a few years prior. Curious marmosets were also attracted to the commotion.   While exploring the airstrip of the park, we noticed fairly fresh Jaguar pug marks, so the ecosystem appears to have all trophic levels.

I gave my thumbs up to Regina regarding Rio Doce State Park and Henrique as a great local guide for the location.  It can be a very popular place especially on weekends and holidays so I would recommend that mammal watchers try to visit on other days.  I suspect it will become a more regular stop for mammalers in the near future.

The images below are of the Black-fronted Titi seen quite easily at Rio Doce.

Link to the Birds of Rio Doce State Park

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Caraca

Four hours drive from Rio Doce is the famous and beautiful Caraca Seminary and Natural Reserve, an expansive natural area and historical seminary situated in the spectacular mountains of Minas Gerais state.  One of the few remaining substantial tracks of Atlantic Rainforest in one of the most heavily impacted states in eastern Brazil, The Caraca Reserve is a very popular birding destination but is also good for several mammals, including the Maned Wolf, which famously comes nearly every evening after evening prayers at the seminary to feast on fruit offered by the monks at the seminary.  For nearly 50 years the wolves come in nightly for their free dish of bananas and other fruit offered by the monks which allows the hundreds of tourists who visit to see this amazing creature.

The event is quite a thing.  The patio of the seminary is not that large and over one hundred tourists can be crammed in to wait for the wolf or wolves to come in for their fruit.  After the evening service and prayers someone comes out with ripe fruit in a metal tray.   They scrape the tray on the concrete of the patio making the noise that attracts the wolves.  There is a very long lecture about the wolves and history of the seminary delivered and then the tourists simply wait for the wolves to come in.  The lecture on our night seemed to drone on forever….Crab-eating foxes were noted during the talk which ended up being a bad sign as they are known for scaring away the wolves. 

It was interesting watching the people who were waiting for the show.  Many were drinking bottles of wine and chatting fairly loudly and I thought to myself that the chances would be low for a wolf to brave this crowd…  But then again, this has been a thing for decades so who knows!  After an hour or more, the crowd started to dwindle…still no wolf….and then another hour passed and the crowed dwindled even more…the temperature was approaching 0 degrees and I was freezing.  Then around 10PM, with only a three or four strong willed wildlife watchers, a young wolf came in for a taste of fruit! It was so quick I didn’t have time for an image.  After waiting even longer the wolf came in three or four more times giving me some opportunities for some very poor images (the lighting was horrible).  I was going to try for more but an asshole with a flashlight thought it was cool to try to scare the wolf off the patio….But I finally had my third main target under my belt!  And I was near frost-bitten!

Seeing the wolf like this was great but it was not in his natural habitat.  Later in my trip, I planned several nights in the Cerrado biome of Emas National Park later in the expedition for some chances at wolves there.  Here is a link to the Cerrado Biome portion of the Great Primate Safari of 2023.  I was not disappointed.

Other mammals spotted in Caraca included Ingram’s Southeastern Squirrels and Gray Brockets. We did accomplish some decent birding as well.  Masked Titis had been common in the reserve years ago but the Yellow Fever outbreak a few years earlier decimated the population sadly.

Our lodging was at the lower chalets of the seminary, a beautiful and roomy stucco building originally made for visiting monks but suited me just fine.  After a morning in the reserve, we made our way to Belo Horizante where I was to bid farewell to my good friend Eugenio and catch my flight to Ileus, my next stop on this epic expedition.

Link to Birds of Caraca Seminary & Reserve

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil

 Estancia

After a morning flight from Ileus to Salvador, I met Wylde Vieira, my awesome local guide for the greater Estancia region.  We made our way to Estancia which was to serve as our base for exploring the surrounding forest fragments in search of Coimbra Filho’s Titi Monkey and White-tufted (Common) Marmosets.  The road to Estancia was very nice and scenic and we made some stops at forest fragments along the way.  While we did not see any of the target species I did get a feel for the land and where we were going to focus our efforts the next day bright and early.

We started our day early and headed to a forest fragment that Wylde knew about and had seen Titi monkeys in the past.  We searched some trails and found some interesting bird species but no Titis for an hour or so.  We did finally hear a group wreak havoc down the road and we quickly headed in their direction.  Titi monkeys would be nearly impossible to find if they weren’t so damn noisy!  We did find a couple in the high canopy in rather poor light but we got ‘em!  Target achieved.  Later that day, in another forest fragment we had excellent views of the White-tufted Marmosets who were very curious of us and gave us quite show.

We ended our day in another forest fragment that was more remote and Wylde found a Northern Maned Sloth and showed me quite an array of local avifauana, my favorite of which was the incredible Brazilian Tanager, an endemic that redefined the color red for me.  Wylde and I had a great time together.  A fellow death-metal enthusiast, we had a lot in common!  😉

Link to Birds of Estancia

Link to Scenery of the Atlantic Rainforest states of Brazil

 My three weeks in Brazil’s Mata Atlantica was absolutely phenomenal.  I was very fortunate to have had incredible luck in finding all but a couple of my target species.  Had it not been for the knowledge and expertise of my outstanding guides, I never could have achieved this level of success in such a short time or even at all.  Although three weeks may seem like a nice chunk of time, I feel I barely scratched the surface in experiencing what the once vast but now heavily fragmented and reduced Atlantic Rainforest has to offer a would-be naturalist such as myself.  I met incredible people and made many new friends and memories of this wonderful place.  Life is short but who knows, maybe I will find myself here once again.  I definitely felt that many of the towns and areas I visited on this journey are places I could call home.  Partly because of their beauty and biodiversity and partly due to the amazing and friendly people whom I met along the way. 

Here are links to the other legs of the Great Primate Safari of 2023

Brazilian Amazonia

Brazilian Cerrado and Pantanal

Ecuador’s Andes

Lauca, Chilean Altiplano

Mammal Species List (41 species, 45 taxa, 43 lifers!)

Link to complete species list for the “Great Primate Safari of 2023”

Order Primates

1. Alouatta guariba - Brown Howler - Afonso Claudio, Caratinga, Sao Paulo

2. Brachyteles arachnoides - Southern Muriqui - Carlos Botelho State Park

3. Brachyteles hypoxanthus - Northern Muriqui - Feliciano Miguel Abdala (Caratinga)

4. Callithrix aurita - Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset - Nazare Paulista, Sao Paulo State, Brazil

5. Callithrix flaviceps - Buffy-headed Marmoset - Feliciano Miguel Abdala Reserve (Caratinga), Afonso Claudio

6. Callithrix geoffroyi - Geoffroy's Marmoset - Vale Nature Reserve, Espirito Santo, Brazil, Rio Doce State Park

7. Callithrix geoffroyi X penicillata X kuhlii - Geoffroy's X Black-tufted X Wied's Marmoset - Hybrid - Rio Doce State Park, Minas Gerais

8. Callithrix jacchus - Common Marmoset - Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro Brazil, Estancia Bahia & Sergipe

9. Callithrix kuhlii - Wied's Marmoset - Illeus, Bahia Brazil

10. Callithrix penicillata - Black-tufted Marmoset - Santa Teresa, Melo Leitao Museum Gardens

11. Leontopithecus chrysomelas - Golden-headed Lion Tamarin - Illeus, Bahia Brazil

12. Leontopithecus chrysopygus - Black Lion Tamarin - Fazenda Garibaldi, Sao Paulo State

13. Leontopithecus rosalia - Golden Lion Tamarin - Unamar Rio de Janeiro State

14. Sapajus nigritus - Black Capuchin - Feliciano Miguel Abdala Reserve (Caratinga)

15. Sapajus robustus - Robust Tufted Capuchin - Vale Nature Reserve, Espirito Santo

16. Sapajus xanthosternos - Yellow-breasted (Golden-bellied) Capuchin - Illeus, Bahia

17. Callicebus coimbrai - Coimbra Filho's Titi Monkey - Estancia, Sergipe & Northern Bahia

18. Callicebus melanochir - Coastal Black-handed Titi - Illeus, Bahia

19. Callicebus personatus - Masked Titi - Rio Doce State Park, Minas Gerais

20. Callicebus nigrifrons - Black-fronted Titi - Rio Doce State Park, Minas Gerais

Order Pilosa – Anteaters

21. Tamandua tetradactyla tetradactyla - Southern Tamadua - Illeus, Bahia Brazil

22. Bradypus crinitus - Southern Maned Sloth - Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, Santa Teresa

23. Bradypus torquatus - Northern Maned Sloth - Estancia, Sergipe & Northern Bahia State

Order Cingulata - Armadillos

24. Cabassous unicinctus - Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo - Feliciano Miguel Abdala (Caratinga)

25. Tolypeutes tricinctus - Three-banded Armadillo – Bahia State

Order Chiroptera - Bats

25. Aeorestes villosissimus - South American Hoary Bat - Illeus, Bahia

26. Carollia perspicillata - Seba's Short-tailed Bat - Afonso Claudio, Espirito Santo

27. Chiroptera - Species needs ID - Afonso Claudio, Espirito Santo

28. Glossophaga soricina - Pallas's Common Long-tongued Bat - Illeus, Bahia

29. Micronycterius megalotis - Little Big-eared Bat - Illeus, Bahia

Family Canidae - Dogs

30. Cerdocyon thous - Crab-eating Fox - Emas National Park, Goias State, Pantanal, Caraca

31. Chrysocyon brachyurus - Maned Wolf - Emas National Park, Goias Brazil, Caraca

Family Cervidae - Deer

32. Mazama gouazoubira - Gray Brocket - Vale Nature Reserve, Sooretama, Espirito Santo

Order Lagomorpha - Rabbits

33. Sylvilagus brasiliensis - Brazilian Tapeti - Vale Nature Reserve, Sooretama, Espirito Santo, Nazare, Pantanal, Emas

Order Marsupalia

34. Didelphis albiventris - White-eared Opossum - Fazenda Garibaldi, Sao Paulo State

35. Didelphis aurita - Big-eared Opossum - Afonso Claudio, Espirito Santo

Family Procyonidae - Raccoons

36. Nasua nasua - South American Coati - Afonso Claudio, Espirito Santo (Many locations throughout the expedition)

Order Rodentia

37. Cavia aperea - Brazilian Guinea Pig - Afonso Claudio, Espirito Santo

38. Dasyprocta leporina - Red-rumped Agouti - Manaus Brazil

39. Guerlinguetis ingrami - Ingram's or Southeastern Squirrel - Nazare Paulista, Sao Paulo State

40. Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris - Capybara - Pantanal, Encontro das Águas State Park

Family Tapiridae - Tapirs

41. Tapirus terrestris - Brazilian or South American Tapir - Pantanal, Encontro das Águas, Emas, Rio Doce